Code
of Business Conduct and
Ethics for Directors
The Board of Directors
(the “Board”) of Yale
Pharmaceuticals, Inc (the
“Company”) has adopted
the following Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics
(the “Code”) for directors
of the Company. This Code
is intended to focus the
Board and each director
on areas of ethical risk;
provide guidance to directors
to help them recognize
and deal with ethical
issues; provide mechanisms
to report unethical conduct;
and help foster a culture
of honesty and accountability.
Each director must comply
with the letter and spirit
of this Code.
No code or policy can
anticipate every situation
that may arise or replace
the thoughtful behavior
of an ethical director.
Directors are encouraged
to bring questions about
particular circumstances
that may implicate one
or more of the provisions
of this Code to the attention
of the Chairman of the
Corporate Governance Committee.
Directors who also serve
as officers of the Company
should read this Code
in conjunction with our
long-standing Summary
of Business Conduct and
Ethics.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Directors must avoid
any conflicts of interest
between the director and
the Company. Any situation
that involves, or may
reasonably be expected
to involve, a conflict
of interest with the Company,
should be disclosed promptly
to the Chairman of the
Corporate Governance Committee.
A “conflict of interest”
can occur when:
A director's personal
interest is adverse to—or
may appear to be adverse
to—the interests of the
Company as a whole.
A director, or a member
of his or her immediate
family as defined by the
NASDAQ receives improper
personal benefits as a
result of his or her position
as a director of the Company.
Some of the more common
conflicts which directors
should avoid are listed
below:
1. Relationship of Company
with third-parties
Directors may not receive
a personal benefit from
a person or firm which
is seeking to do business
or to retain business
with YalePharma. A director
shall recuse him or herself
from any Company Board
decision involving another
firm or company with which
the director is affiliated.
2. Compensation from
non-Company sources
Directors may not accept
compensation (in any form)
for services performed
for the Company from any
source other than the
Company.
3. Gifts
Directors may not offer,
give or receive gifts
from persons or entities
who deal with YalePharma
in those cases where any
such gift is being made
in order to influence
the directors' actions
as members of the Board,
or where acceptance of
the gifts could create
the appearance of a conflict
of interest.
4. Personal use of Company
assets
Directors may not use
Company assets, labor
or information for personal
use unless approved by
the Chairman of the Corporate
Governance Committee,
or as part of a compensation
or expense reimbursement
program available to all
directors.
CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES
Directors are prohibited
from:
1. Taking for themselves
or their companies opportunities
that are discovered through
the use of Company property,
Company information or
position as a director;
2. Using the Company's
property or information
for personal gain; or
3. Competing with the
Company for business opportunities.
However, if the Company's
disinterested directors
determine that the Company
will not pursue an opportunity
that relates to the Company's
business, a director may
then do so.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Directors must maintain
the confidentiality of
information entrusted
to them by the Company
and any other confidential
information about the
Company that comes to
them, from whatever source,
in their capacity as a
director, except when
disclosure is authorized
or legally mandated.
For purposes of this
Code, “confidential information”
includes all non-public
information relating to
the Company.
COMPLIANCE WITH
LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS;
FAIR DEALING
Directors must comply,
and oversee compliance
by employees, officers
and other directors, with
laws, rules and regulations
applicable to the Company,
including insider trading
laws.
Directors must deal fairly,
and must oversee fair
dealing by employees and
officers, with the Company's
customers, suppliers,
competitors and employees.
ENCOURAGING THE
REPORTING OF ANY ILLEGAL
OR UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
Directors should promote
ethical behavior and take
steps to ensure the Company:
1. Encourages employees
to talk to supervisors,
managers and other appropriate
personnel when in doubt
about the best course
of action in a particular
situation.
2. Encourages employees
to report violations of
laws, rules, regulations
or the Company's Code
of Conduct to appropriate
personnel;
3. Informs employees that
the Company will not allow
retaliation for reports
made in good faith.
COMPLIANCE STANDARDS
Directors should communicate
any suspected violations
of this Code promptly
to the Chairman of the
Audit Committee. Violations
will be investigated by
the board or by persons
designated by the board,
and appropriate action
will be taken in the event
of any violations of the
Code.
WAIVER OF CODE OF BUSINESS
CONDUCT AND ETHICS
Any waiver of this Code
may be made only by the
Board of Directors and
must be promptly disclosed
to the Company’s shareholders.
NASDAQ defines “immediate
family” to include a person’s
spouse, parents, children,
siblings, mothers-in-law
and fathers-in-law, sons
and daughters-in-law,
brothers and sisters-in-law,
and anyone (other than
employees) who share such
person’s home.